Bronchopleural fistula
A bronchopleural (BPF) is a fistula between the pleural space and the lung. It can develop following pneumonectomy, lung ablation, post-traumatically, or with certain types of . It may also develop when large airways are in communication with the pleural space following a large pneumothorax or other loss of pleural negative pressure, especially during positive pressure mechanical . On , the is suspected indirectly on radiograph. Increased gas in the pneumonectomy operative bed, or new gas within a loculated effusion are highly suggestive of the diagnosis. causes include , Actinomyces israelii, Nocardia, and Blastomyces dermatitidis. Malignancy and can also result in the abnormal communication.
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