Deep vein thrombosis
Deep vein (DVT) is a type of thrombosis involving the formation of a blood clot in a deep vein, most commonly in the legs or . A minority of DVTs occur in the arms. Symptoms can include pain, swelling, redness, and enlarged veins in the affected area, but some DVTs have no symptoms.
Underlined words are explained — tap any of them.
Symptoms — what it feels like
- ·Pain, swelling, redness, enlarged veins in the affected limb
How it's found
- ·, CT
Prevention
- ·Frequent walking, calf exercises, quitting smoking, maintaining a healthy body weight, (blood thinners), intermittent pneumatic compression, graduated compression stockings, aspirin
Treatment
- ·Anticoagulation, catheter-directed , mechanical
Complications
- ·Post-thrombotic , recurrent VTE,
The sections below are general education drawn from public guidelines (NHS, Mayo, CPIC, WHO, ICMR). They are not individually reviewed by a clinician and are not medical advice — always talk to a doctor about your own health.
Genes that change how certain drugs work — and that differ in South Asians. This is education, not a dosing tool; genotype-guided prescribing is a clinician decision.
is famously hard to dose - too little and form, too much and you bleed. Two genes largely decide how much each person needs: one controls how fast you break the drug down, the other how strongly it works. Knowing them helps a doctor get closer to the right dose sooner.
South Asian signal: CYP2C9 and VKORC1 variants together explain up to ~18% and ~30% of warfarin-dose variance respectively in Europeans, but explain proportionally less in Asian ancestry, so ancestry-specific algorithms matter. CYP2C9 and VKORC1 variant frequencies differ across Indian sub-populations; CPIC therefore provides continental-ancestry-specific dosing guidance rather than a single formula (CPIC 2017 update).
Prescriber note: Where CYP2C9/VKORC1 genotype is available, use an ancestry-appropriate validated algorithm (e.g. the CPIC-endorsed approach) for the initial dose and then titrate to INR; do not apply European-derived dose predictions unmodified to South Asian patients. CPIC recommends using a validated pharmacogenetic dosing algorithm that incorporates CYP2C9 and VKORC1 (and, for some ancestries, CYP4F2 and rs12777823) to estimate a starting warfarin dose targeting INR 2-3, rather than a fixed empirical dose, when genotype is available.
Not a dosing tool. Genotype-guided prescribing is a clinician decision; genotyping access in India is limited.