Coronary artery disease
disease (CAD), also called coronary heart disease (CHD), or ischemic heart disease (IHD), is a type of heart disease involving the reduction of blood flow to the muscle due to a build-up of atheromatous plaque in the of the heart. It is the most common of the diseases. CAD can cause stable angina, unstable angina, myocardial , and myocardial infarction.
Underlined words are explained — tap any of them.
Symptoms — what it feels like
- ·Chest pain, shortness of breath
Causes — why it happens
- ·Atherosclerosis of the of the heart
How it's found
- ·, stress test, computed tomographic angiography, coronary angiogram
Prevention
- ·Healthy diet, regular exercise, maintaining a healthy weight, not smoking
Treatment
- ·Percutaneous intervention (PCI), coronary bypass (CABG)
Complications
- ·Heart failure, abnormal heart rhythms, heart attack, cardiogenic shock,
A European-trained for disease places only 0.7% of Sri Lankan Tamil people above its high-risk cut-off - far BELOW the 10% it was calibrated to. Yet South Asians carry a well-documented EXCESS of real-world heart disease. The score is blind to South-Asian coronary artery disease : it under-warns exactly the group at higher true risk. This under-flagging is more dangerous than over-flagging.
A study that would help: Build a South-Asian-specific disease score (or recalibrate PGS000010) using Indian +outcome cohorts, then show it recovers the missing high-risk fraction that the European score drops. A clean, publishable recalibration study.
The score that under-warns the very people most likely to have an early heart attack
For disease, the European score places only 0.7% of Sri Lankan Tamils above its high-risk line — far BELOW the 10% design target (our analysis). It under-flags. Yet South Asians have among the highest real-world coronary rates in the world, often a decade earlier than Europeans.
The 'South Asian paradox' — high disease at relatively low and BMI — is long documented (INTERHEART and others). A score that quietly reassures exactly this group is the most dangerous failure mode: false comfort for those at highest true risk.
The downward shift is measurable, and part of the biology is understood (lipoprotein(a), central adiposity, resistance). What's missing is a South-Asian score that recovers the high-risk fraction the European one drops.
Build or recalibrate a South-Asian score against Indian cohorts and show it recovers the missing high-risk group — turning a falsely-reassuring number into an actionable one.
- Martin et al., Nature Genetics 2019 (PRS transferability)
- Yusuf et al. (INTERHEART), Lancet 2004 — South Asian coronary risk
- D2I2 PRS-transferability analysis (1000 Genomes phase 3)